Through out these years, Amasya has been home to a number of civilizations that have settled here before the Turks such as the Hittites, the Phrygians, the Kimmerian-Scythes, the Med-Persians, the Pontus, the Romans and the Byzantine.

In the Turkicization of Anatolia, which started in 1071, Melik Ahmet Danişmend Gazi has conquered Amasya and started the hegemony of the Turks.

The Danişmend-Seljuk have reigned in Amasya until the defeat in Kösedağ War in 1423 which led to a hundred-year Mogul-Ilkhanate reign in the region. Amasya was conquered by the Eretna in 1341. Shahzadah Beyazid conquered the city in 1386 and after a brief conflict with Kadı Burhaneddin, Amasya was acquired by the Ottomans for good after 1392.

Because of the impending threat posed by Tamerlane, Amasya was promulgated Shahzadah Sanjak in 1386 and has maintained its status until 1566. During this period, Amasya has hosted and served as a training ground for a total of twelve Shahzadahs, six of which assumed the Ottoman throne in the years to come. Çelebi Mehmet, who reinstated the declining Ottoman State after Ankara War in 1402 had governed the city and directed the recovery of the empire from Amasya.

Amasya, which had played a crucial role in the reinstation of the Ottoman State, reassumed its role in the foundation of the state by the Amasya Circular through which Mustafa Kemal and his friends announced to the world their determination and resolution towards independence and the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in July 22, 1919.