Winters are cold with the average February temperature being -6.7°C (19.9°F) with low temperatures around -10°C (14°F) and highs around -4°C (24°F). Lows do occasionally reach -20°C (-4°F) and during cold waves from Siberia it can plunge to -30°C (-22°F).

On the other hand, when the wind blows from the west, high temperatures may rise above freezing and they can reach 5°C (41°F), allowing rain to fall 3.5 days each winter, on average. Although snow coverage usually forms by the beginning of November and melts by the end of March or early April, significant alternations may happen depending on the year.

Freezing conditions usually continue to persist in March and sometimes last until mid-April. The last snowfall is around 15th April. In May the Russian capital is reached by the first gusts of warm weather and temperatures cease to fall below freezing. However sudden snowfalls are still possible, with the last one being on 7th May 2014 which lasted for about an hour.

Summers are warm with an average July temperature 19.2°C, with highs around 25°C (77°F) and lows around 15°C (59°F). The area is affected by heat waves and this may cause high temperatures to rise above 30°C (86°F), but these periods are usually short. Nights with below 10°C (50°F) lows may also occur. Autumn is characterized by rapidly falling temperatures and the first snowfall is around 25th October.