It was erected in the early 20th century in the Art Deco style. The cathedral is dedicated to Saint Peter, and is the ecclesiastical seat of the Archdiocese of Rabat.

Construction of the cathedral began in 1919, and its chief architect was Adrien Laforgue.

The cathedral was inaugurated by Resident-General Hubert Lyautey in 1921. The two towers of the cathedral, were added in the 1930s.

The cathedral is currently operational, and Mass is celebrated every other day.