It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Freiburg in Baden-Württemberg, Bundesland.

It covers the same territory of the former Kingdom of Wurttemberg.

History
In 1803 a Vicar General for the “New” State of Wurttemberg was nominated by Prince Primate Karl Theodor von Dalberg as an auxiliary bishop.

The Diocese of Rottenburg was established on 16 August 1821 through the papal bull De salute animarum, on territory split off from the suppressed Diocese of Konstanz. With the enthronement of the first bishop, Johann Baptist von Keller, on May 20, 1828, the formation of the diocese was complete.

On 18 January 1978, the bishopric was renamed to the current title Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart.